In the tremendously quick moving world, one needs resourceful coding techniques that could help the programmer to sum up voluminous codes in the easiest and also most convenient ways. Arrays are one of the data structures that assist you compose a number of values into a single variable, thereby decreasing the burden of memorizing an enormous number of variables. So let’s go ahead, and see exactly how you can execute Arrays in Python.
If you are new to Python, get started with the Python Introduction article.
To use arrays in python language, you need to import the standard ‘array’ module. This is because array is not a fundamental data type like strings, integer etc. Here is how you can import ‘array’ module in python :
from array import *
Once you have imported the ‘array’ module, you can declare an array. Here is how you do it:
arrayIdentifierName = array(typecode, [Initializers]
In the declaration above, ‘arrayIdentifierName’ is the name of array, ‘typecode’ lets python know the type of array and ‘Initializers’ are the values with which array is initialized.
Here is a real world example of python array declaration :
my_array = array('i',[1,2,3,4])
In the example above, typecode used is ‘i’. This typecode represents signed integer whose size is 2 bytes.
Typecodes are the codes that are used to define the type of array values or the type of array. Here is the list of available typecodes:
- ‘b’ -> Represents signed integer of size 1 byte
- ‘B’ -> Represents unsigned integer of size 1 byte
- ‘c’ -> Represents character of size 1 byte
- ‘u’ -> Represents unicode character of size 2 bytes
- ‘h’ -> Represents signed integer of size 2 bytes
- ‘H’ -> Represents unsigned integer of size 2 bytes
- ‘i’ -> Represents signed integer of size 2 bytes
- ‘I’ -> Represents unsigned integer of size 2 bytes
- ‘w’ -> Represents unicode character of size 4 bytes
- ‘l’ -> Represents signed integer of size 4 bytes
- ‘L’ -> Represents unsigned integer of size 4 bytes
- ‘f’ -> Represents floating point of size 4 bytes
- ‘d’ -> Represents floating point of size 8 bytes
On a related topic, you should also know how to use Python Lists effectively.
1. Basic example
Here is a simple example of an array containing 5 integers
~$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Apr 19 2013, 18:28:01)
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from array import *
>>> my_array = array('i', [1,2,3,4,5])
>>> for i in my_array:
... print(i)
...
1
2
3
4
5
So this way we can create a simple python array and print it.
2. Access individual elements through indexes
Individual elements can be accessed through indexes. Here is an example :
>>> my_array[1] 2 >>> my_array[2] 3 >>> my_array[0] 1
Remember that indexes start from zero.
3. Append any value to the array using append() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.append(6)
>>> my_array
array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
So we see that the value ‘6’ was appended to the existing array values.
4. Insert value in an array using insert() method
We can use the insert() method to insert a value at any index of the array. Here is an example :
>>> my_array.insert(0,0)
>>> my_array
array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
In the above example, using insert() method, the value 0 was inserted at index 0. Note that the first argument is the index while second argument is the value.
5. Extend python array using extend() method
A python array can be extended with more than one value using extend() method. Here is an example :
>>> my_extnd_array = array('i', [7,8,9,10])
>>> my_array.extend(my_extnd_array)
>>> my_array
array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
So we see that the array my_array was extended with values from my_extnd_array.
6. Add items from list into array using fromlist() method
Here is an example:
>>> c=[11,12,13]
>>> my_array.fromlist(c)
>>> my_array
array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13])
So we see that the values 11,12 and 13 were added from list ‘c’ to ‘my_array’.
7. Remove any array element using remove() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.remove(13)
>>> my_array
array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
So we see that the element 13 was removed from the array.
8. Remove last array element using pop() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.pop()
12
>>> my_array
array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
So we see that the last element 12 was popped out of array.
9. Fetch any element through its index using index() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.index(5) 5
So we see that the value at index 5 was fetched through this method.
10. Reverse a python array using reverse() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.reverse()
>>> my_array
array('i', [11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
So we see that the complete array got reversed.
11. Get array buffer information through buffer_info() method
This method provides you the array buffer start address in memory and number of elements in array. Here is an example:
>>> my_array.buffer_info() (33881712, 12)
So we see that buffer start address and number of elements were provided in output.
12. Check for number of occurrences of an element using count() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_array.count(11) 1
So we see that the element 11 occurred only once in the array.
13. Convert array to string using tostring() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_char_array = array('c', ['g','e','e','k'])
>>> my_char_array
array('c', 'geek')
>>> my_char_array.tostring()
'geek'
So we see that the character array was converted to string using this method.
14. Convert array to a python list with same elements using tolist() method
Here is an example :
>>> c = my_array.tolist() >>> c [11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
So we see that list ‘c’ was created by using tolist() method on my_array.
15. Append a string to char array using fromstring() method
Here is an example :
>>> my_char_array.fromstring("stuff")
>>> my_char_array
array('c', 'geekstuff')
So we see that the string “stuff” was added to my_char_array.
